PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.